Loma Verde: Through our own looking glass
2021 Marzo Centroamérica
Violence against women is an endlessly repeating cycle in thousands of households in Central America. Incest and sexual abuse of young and adolescent...
Before and during the pandemic in Central America:... and after?
2020 Noviembre Centroamérica
Throughout the world, the implications of and responses to the coronavirus pandemic have been shaped by the conditions that previously existed in each...
Central American-US migration in times of COVID-19
2020 Septiembre Centroamérica
The coronavirus pandemic has turned the planet up-side down and disrupted all our lives. The globalizing of social and economic dynamics screeched to...
Utopias in Central America (part 3): From disillusion to April in Nicaragua
2019 Noviembre Centroamérica
Throughout his life and work German philosopher Immanuel Kant attempted to answer three major questions: What can I learn? What must I do? And what...
A global recession + Trump’s anti- immigrant policies = an explosive combo in the region
2019 Octubre Centroamérica
In a recent study by the Inter-American Development Bank( IDB) and the INCAE Business school’s Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable...
Utopias in Central America (part 1): Dreams of war and postwar nightmares
2019 Septiembre Centroamérica
The Cntral America that rounded the corner of the 20th century entered the 21st on the boulevar of broken dreams. French sociologist Yvon Le Bot refers...
Undocumented emigrants’ civil disobedience: Self-employment and informality
2019 Junio Centroamérica
Central American migrant caravans have become the media darling of population mobility. They showcase acts of defiance against an exclusionary system...
Reflections after decades of solidarity work
2019 Mayo Centroamérica
There are three basic kinds of cooperation with the count ries of the South. One is multilateral aid, which comes from the International Monetary Fund,...
Fears, efforts, lessons, challenges and hope in the second round of elections
2018 Abril Centroamérica
At one of the most critical junctures in our country’s recent history, with its democratic stability at stake, Costa Rica elected Carlos Alvarado as...
How the “Dreamers” turned into a movement with power
2017 Diciembre Centroamérica
On September 5, Donald Trump canceled the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. In the blink of an eye, the word DACA, until then used...
Undocumented immigrants in the Trump era: Fears, resistance, strategies....and more
2017 Septiembre Centroamérica
Avianca announces its first call to board flight 582 to Dulles Airport in Washington. A legion of elderly Salvadoran, Honduran and Guatemalan women...
When women are forced to migrate...
2017 Marzo Centroamérica
One cannot generalize what forced migration means for women. Many leave because of tragic experiences, others for reasons of sheer survival. Courage...
“We lack the imagination to think of alternatives”
2016 Noviembre Centroamérica
A great Guatemalan sociologist, Edelberto Torres- Rivas, whom many of you know and of whose research CLASCO is fortunately preparing a compilation, has...
“We live in politically democratic but socially fascist societies”
2016 Octubre Centroamérica
Boaventura de Sousa Santos has a doctorate in Sociology of Law from Yale University and is a sociology professor at Portugal’s University of Coimbra...
Donald Trump wants to destroy the heterogeneous State
2016 Junio Centroamérica
Waving the banner of xenophobia and stirring up hatred against Latino and other immigrants, Donald Trump has turned himself into a vote-harvesting machine...
Migrants: Disobedient in the market and citizens in consumption
2016 Febrero Centroamérica
The world of consumption has been assailed for both intellectual and moral reasons. It’s associated with a lack of wisdom and an abundance of vices....
Challenging mental barriers and physical boundaries
2015 Diciembre Centroamérica
In his interesting review of new forms of social change and political struggle, the Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells argues that “power relationships...
The political clout of immigrant organizations, et al
2015 Noviembre Centroamérica
Organizations providing undocumented immigrants with real, ongoing support have been recognized—and rightly so—as areas that resist exclusion and smooth...
The power of theater on the Mexican-US border: Solid and liquid border vigilance (Part 4)
2015 Agosto Centroamérica
In last month’s installment I considered various premises to explain the decline in migrant apprehensions on the US-Mexican border, an issue that has...
The Mexico-US border: A very lucrative, inefficient business. Solid and liquid border vigilance (part 3)
2015 Julio Centroamérica
To enter the United States, Central American migrants must pass through one of the most patrolled regions on Earth. They’re confronted by an armed legion...
The Mexico-US border: The Border Patrol’s empire: Solid and liquid border vigilance, part 2
2015 Junio Centroamérica
The over 2,000 miles that divide Mexico and the United States make up the most extensive binational border and have the greatest movement in the world....
Youth in territories marked by violence
2015 Mayo Centroamérica
Organized crime—particularly the illegal drug business, one of whose main branches is trafficking—covers many other crimes: arms smuggling, trafficking...
The American Dream’s anteroom is Mexico’s nightmare, Solid and liquid border vigilance, part 1
2015 Abril Centroamérica
The surveillance operations of the policies designed to repel immigrants have both “solid” and “liquid” expressions, often more theatrical than effective,...
Migrants on the road, churches in civil disobedience
2015 Febrero Centroamérica
Undocumented migrants aren’t alone. They wouldn’t be able to enter and stay in the United States without sustained daily support. Who are the “criminals”...
Who’s afraid of the Latino vote?
2014 Diciembre Centroamérica
The US midterm elections were held on November 4. Their bureaucratic goal was to reelect the 435 members of the House of Representatives, who serve a...
Mining myths, paradoxes and realities
2014 Noviembre Centroamérica
Over the last two decades the mining industry, metallic mining in particular, has once again become very important in Central America. This new boom...
A day in the life of three Central American migrants
2014 Noviembre Centroamérica
During a visit to Maryland and Virginia, three Central Americans talked to me about the often tightly interwoven areas that burn their souls: work, documents,...
To seek asylum or to go without papers? That is the question
2014 Septiembre Centroamérica
Many Central American migrants who recently crossed the Mexican-US border as well as those who have lived in the United States for months or even years...
Does the US bear responsibility for the violence they’re fleeing?
2014 Agosto Centroamérica
There have been Central American refugees in the United States for a long time. The large numbers of children currently crossing the Mexico-US border...
Big and small fleeing from the geography of fear
2014 Julio Centroamérica
Central Americans in search of asylum: it sounds like a front-page newspaper headline from the eighties. The peace accords that the conflicting forces...
There’s no such thing as a mine that doesn’t pollute
2014 Marzo Centroamérica
In the 16th century, when King Ferdinand of Spain was defining the priorities for the conquest of the New worl, he gave clear instructions: “Get the...
“Illegal” migration of Central Americans and Chinandegans
2014 Enero Centroamérica
Nicaraguans are the Latin Americans with the 12th greatest presence in the United States. They total 395,000, according to the latest Pew Hispanic Center...
What’s happening where the Central American migrants cross?
2013 Diciembre Centroamérica
Mexico’s southern border is an area Central Americans cross en route to the United States. It’s also used by Cubans, South Americans—especially Ecuadorans—and...
Mining is one of savage capitalism’s prime features
2013 Noviembre Centroamérica
We learned from our seminar on mining, held on September 17-19 in San Salvador, that the fight between populations willing to resist to keep our region...
“We declare that the mining industry is criminal”
2013 Octubre Centroamérica
We, the institutions, organizations and representatives of peoples in resistance who have participated in the Central American Seminar to analyze “The...
Following the money trail: Implications for regional security
2013 Agosto Centroamérica
Money laundering is a criminal activity that goes almost unnoticed but has a lethal impact on our societies and our institutionality: the legitimization...
In migration’s “science kitchens”
2013 Mayo Centroamérica
Knowledge isn’t produced in the aseptic test tubes hawked by the torchbearers of scientific neutrality. The process is both burdened and enriched by...
Mothers without borders search for disappeared migrants
2013 Marzo Centroamérica
Teodora Ñaméndiz, one of the Nicaraguan mothers on the caravan, had not seen her son in 32 years. He left in 1980 and she had heard nothing from him...
Detainees and deportees: Xenophobia and dollars
2013 Enero Centroamérica
Undocumented migrants detained in the Lasalle Detention Facility in Jena, Louisiana, wear uniforms of three different colors, constituting a warning...
The Third Horseman of Neoliberalism: The Neo-Pentecostals (part 5)
2012 Noviembre Centroamérica
The worship of managerialism and positive thinking and the consecration of the neoliberal postulates as a canon of common sense have not been the fruit...
The third horseman of neoliberalism: The Neo-Pentecostals (part 4)
2012 Octubre Centroamérica
Half a century ago, Antonio Gramsci wrote that “religion must be approached not in the confessional sense but in the secular sense of a unity of faith...
The third horseman of neoliberalism: The Neo-Pentecostals (part 3)
2012 Septiembre Centroamérica
The last five decades have borne witness to how and how much the Catholic Church has lost its monopoly
in the Latin American religious market. In...
The third horseman of neoliberalism: The Neo-Pentecostals (part 2)
2012 Junio Centroamérica
The Neo-Pentecostals, the most inexperienced of the four neoliberal horsemen galloping over Central America, have the greatest worldly success, contrary...
The third horseman of neoliberalism: The Neo-Pentecostals (Part 1)
2012 Mayo Centroamérica
The radio announcer’s persuasive voice seductively whispers, “Need a miracle? Come and ask Jesus for
your miracle.” An energetic masculine voice...
The second horseman of neoliberalism: Nongovernmental organizations
2011 Octubre Centroamérica
Two decades ago Argentine journalist Gino Lofredo wrote an explosive article titled “How to get rich in the 90s.” Its opening volley was: “You still...
Do indigenous peoples think these investments are fair?
2011 Octubre Centroamérica
The combination of large projects to extract natural resources in indigenous communities could become explosive, particularly in Central America. envío...
The first horseman of neoliberalism: Drug traffickers
2011 Agosto Centroamérica
Political scientists identify three major political programs in Latin America: authoritarian, neoliberal and participatory. Authoritarian is the standard...
The four horsemen of neoliberalismo in the vacuum left by waged work
2011 Junio Centroamérica
Remember the 1970s and 80s? The military in Honduras, the death squads in El Salvador, the bloody death rattles of the Somoza dictatorship in Nicaragua...
Arizona and Its Cruel Discontents
2010 Junio Centroamérica
Once upon a time there was a superlative and pluperfect country. Not only was it spacious and well cared for, but everything in it was super-sized and...
Portrait of Pentecostal Evangelicals
2010 Mayo Centroamérica
Evangelical Christianity is spreading all over Central America with surprising speed. In the past 40 years the number of Evangelicals increased exponentially...
Don’t Deported Migrants Have Human Rights?
2009 Septiembre Centroamérica
Every Friday a load of migrants is brought to the Honduran-Nicaraguan border post of Guasaule. These are the migrants that Mexico’s migration system...
Reflections of a Nomad
2008 Diciembre Centroamérica
They say that those born beside the sea are destined to travel. I wasn’t born by the sea, but I am destined to travel. Perhaps because of my Romany...
Deportees Have no Papers or Rights, Only Borders
2008 Noviembre Centroamérica
When workers leave their municipality, departdepartment or province of birth for another in their same country where they have greater opportunities...
María: Mother, Wife, Indigenous Woman,Emigrant and Voluntary Returnee
2008 Octubre Centroamérica
We visited María in Xicalcal, a rural, almost urban village near the city of Zacualpa, located on a plain at the foot of the Chuacús mountain chain....
Whose Money Is It Anyway?
2008 Abril Centroamérica
Remittances donÂ’t come vacuum packed and canÂ’t be isolated in a test tube. They are conditioned by a socio-political environment and come with a cultural...
Remittances Are Far More Than A Development Panacea
2008 Marzo Centroamérica
Pisto, plata, lapas, tucanes, tejas, tostones, güevo, chichimosca, palos, tucos, fichas, hojas de repollo, barbas, luz verde, reales, búfalos, daimes,...
The Gangs of Central America: Major Players and Scapegoats
2007 Diciembre Centroamérica
Although the last of the revolutionary conflicts that plagued Central America during the 1970s and 80s was formally brought to an end in 1996, violence...
Knowledge in These Times Of a la Carte Research
2007 Mayo Centroamérica
In Senectud, Italo Svevo wrote, “That conceited sponsor had been on his back constantly, demanding he deliver a determined amount of work every day....
The Economic Power Groups’ Influence and Control Today
2007 Abril Centroamérica
It’s no secret that the Central American power groups have historically exercised significant influence on our societies and economies. What is new...
A Portrait of the Region’s Large Economic Groups
2007 Marzo Centroamérica
Central America’s economic groups are increasingly operating on a regional and international scale and the transnational corporations with activities...
The Concentration of Power: More Integration and Inequality
2007 Febrero Centroamérica
Over the last 30 years the Central American region’s economies and societies have experienced a dramatic change influenced by four factors: armed conflicts...
A Fifth of Our People Lives Hungry
2006 Octubre Centroamérica
Every year, the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) celebrates October 16 as World Food Day, commemorating the date of its founding...
Inequality, Environmental Neglect And Apathetic Democracy
2006 Septiembre Centroamérica
One of the main objectives of Central America’s political systems is to consolidate the democratic processes begun in the late 1980s and early 1990s....
Why No Maras in Nicaragua?
2006 Agosto Centroamérica
The United States Army, that self-styled police force of humanity, has already started to turn its ominous periscope toward youth gangs. In March 2005,...
The Ideological Bricks of the Anti-Immigrant Wall
2006 Julio Centroamérica
On August 6, 1890, a German immigrant named William Kemmler was the first person to be executed in the electric chair in the United States, at New York’s...
An Exodus, a Train, An Unreachable Horizon
2006 Julio Centroamérica
Arriaga is a town in Chiapas known for its astounding procession. In Arriaga you can watch the pilgrimage of the Central American people, live and direct....
Solidarity Cooperation in a Market-Driven World
2006 Marzo Centroamérica
Julio is a Nicaraguan peasant from the Segovias. He, his partner Clara and their five children now live off the nearly three hectares of land that they...
Why Do So Many Civilians Have Firearms?
2005 Diciembre Centroamérica
An argument over custody of their children may have driven a man so crazy that he shot his wife to death in Ciudad Delgado. H.E., a 26-year-old woman,...
R=T x V and R=T / C Formulas for Sisyphus
2005 Noviembre Centroamérica
...
“I’ve Been in El Salvador Without Being There”
2005 Noviembre Centroamérica
...
Central America Cries
2005 Octubre Centroamérica
The rain didn’t stop for days. And even now we haven’t stopped crying. Just as we were closing this issue of envío, October brought us days of interminable...
Are Mothers of Sexually Abused Girls Really to Blame?
2005 Octubre Centroamérica
In June 2001, the Nicaraguan media latched on to the case of Gema, a little girl who became pregnant after being raped by a stranger, and probably also...
Our Constructed Image Of Central American Migrants
2005 Junio Centroamérica
Central America is exporting increasing numbers of emigrants. The intellectual production related to these migration flows and the vicissitudes of both...
CAFTA: A Disempowering Fetish
2005 Abril Centroamérica
Both supporters and opponents of the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) with the United States describe it as a watershed, a line that will...
Monsignor Romero’s Portrait In My Memory And in History
2005 Marzo Centroamérica
I went to El Salvador for the first time in 1981, barely a year after Monsignor Romero was assassinated. Almost everyone I spoke with had an interesting,...
The Northwest, North and Center North: Electoral Analysis and Forecasts
2004 Septiembre Centroamérica
The elections to decide who will run Nicaragua’s 152 municipalities will be held on November 7. And while the politically important Managua municipal...
“We’ve Handed CAFTA Our Greatest Advantages on a Silver Platter”
2004 Septiembre Centroamérica
Negotiating means first having a project, then making it as viable as possible through negotiation. In the Central American experience of negotiating...
What Was Signed Away in CAFTA Threatens Millions of Lives
2004 Agosto Centroamérica
When it comes to public health, the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) is effectively backtracking on previous advances. This can be illustrated...
New Grassroots Movements Starting to Emerge
2004 Agosto Centroamérica
Twenty-five years ago, Central America was a political hotbed, and not just because of the budding Sandinista revolution—the result of a long guerrilla...
The Ever-Changing Face of Nongovernmental Cooperation
2004 Julio Centroamérica
There are three basic kinds of cooperation with the countries of the South. One is multilateral aid, which comes from the International Monetary Fund,...
What’s in Store for Us Following the Signing of CAFTA?
2004 Enero Centroamérica
Only four countries signed the free trade agreement (FTA) between Central America and the United States on December 17, 2003: Guatemala, El Salvador,...
What Lies Ahead for the Xicaques, Kunas, Garífunas and Mayas?
2002 Noviembre Centroamérica
Where are Central America’s indigenous movements heading? What future do they have and what is their capacity to influence their respective civil society...
The Puebla Panama Plan In a Nutshell
2002 Noviembre Centroamérica
The Puebla Panama Plan (PPP) is easy to explain. It is an enormous infrastructure project designed to favor big business in an area consisting of the...
A Traumatized Population Learning to Heal Itself
2002 Octubre Centroamérica
According to trauma expert Bessel A. Van der Kolk, “living through traumas forms an essential part of human life because history has been written with...
The Identity and Culture of Central American Youth Gangs
2002 Julio Centroamérica
A very specific kind of youth gang has been slowly spreading like a shadow over the marginalized barrios of big Latin American cities since the...
Central America: The FTAA Guinea Pig?
2002 Junio Centroamérica
The United States did not choose El Salvador to host President Bush’s March 24 visit to Central America because it was a model of democracy or an economic...
The World Coffee Crisis: Is Vietnam to Blame?
2002 Mayo Centroamérica
On May 24, 2001, 14 young Mexican immigrants died in the Arizona desert while attempting to enter the United States to find work. Of those, 6 were bankrupted...
AIDS: A Sign of our Times
2002 Marzo Centroamérica
"Once upon a time there was a body that was protected by a warrior…." As the narrator tells the tale, a priest and two young people act it out. "Diarrhea...
New Ideas on Revolution and Socialism for Central America
2001 Noviembre Centroamérica
Well before the enthusiasm that the Sandinista Revolution sparked among the world’s Left had waned, Nicaraguan writer Sergio Ramírez Mercado wrote an...
Dual Societies: A Ticking Bomb
2001 Octubre Centroamérica
In recent visits to Nicaragua and El Salvador, I have come to understand more keenly than ever that the problem of many Latin American countries is that...
The Central American Media’s Turn On the Democratization Agenda
2001 Julio Centroamérica
The peace and demilitarization processes of the past 12 years in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala have changed the political face of Central America....
The Option of Abortion: Urgent Reflections
2000 Agosto Centroamérica
Dear brother: I have often heard you addressing pastoral letters, exhortations and homilies to women, calling us "dear sisters." This provides me with...
Democracy in the Region? A Decade of Paradoxes
2000 Julio Centroamérica
With the eyes of the world still focused on the region, the nineties kicked off with good news in Central America: the peace process seemed to be on...
How Dollar Remittances Are Changing a Village
2000 Mayo Centroamérica
US Embassy Uses Carrot On Corruption…After very specific criticisms of the government’s laxity in dealing with corruption, US Ambassador Oliver...
Waiting for Luis
1999 Noviembre Centroamérica
LookingThursday, 19 November 1998. We are sitting along the northern bank of the swollen Río Coco with fifty other people, watching for the...
On the Anniversary of Mitch: The Region’s Revealing Disaster
1999 Noviembre Centroamérica
During this October and November, I traveled through several of the regions of Central America that had been battered last year by Hurricane Mitch. A...
Mitch, Foreign Debt, Disasters, Emigrants And Remittances in Central America
1999 Marzo Centroamérica
The design of Central America's reconstruction is almost a foregone conclusion. So what kind of reconstruction is being proposed? “The Strategy for the...
What Should Change in Central America?
1999 Enero Centroamérica
Honorable Presidents:
Hurricane Mitch has battered your countries, leaving in its wake a scene of desolation and misery. We have seen the spirit of collaboration...
Central America's Granary: Reflections from Europe
1998 Mayo Centroamérica
...
The Central American Integration: Open Agenda and Pending Dilemma
1998 Abril Centroamérica
The 1990s resemble the 1950s in terms of the profusion of trade and integration accords worldwide. The delays and difficulties faced by the Uruguay...
Contadora and Esquipulas Ten Years later
1997 Noviembre Centroamérica
When Central America's former Presidents who had signed the August 7, 1987, Esquipulas II peace accord met in August of this year to commemorate the...
We Are Trying to Listen
1997 Septiembre Centroamérica
The inter-organizational memorandum published under the title "Desarrollo: La Gran Mentira" in your Spanish publication and "NGOs - Who's Making the...
Non-governmental Organizations: Who’s making the Decisions
1997 Febrero Centroamérica
November 15, 1996
San Salvador, El Salvador
Dear Colleagues:
I am writing to inform you that, due to policy changes related to field participation...
Armed Forces As Peacemaker?
1996 Septiembre Centroamérica
Some years ago, Central America's armed forces, located at the epicenter of unquestionable power, were major protagonists of wars triggered by arrogance,...
The New Society We Yearn For
1996 Agosto Centroamérica
The Berlin wall has fallen, the soviet union has split and we are witnessing the defeat of socialist based utopias that had begun to be built in 1917....
Authoritarian Roots and Democratic Shoots
1996 Junio Centroamérica
In 1929, after his first visit to Costa Rica, Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre tried to describe and explain what he termed "an acute and restless curiosity"...
Central America in 20 Years: A Somalia-Taiwan Duality?
1996 Febrero Centroamérica
Central America has been wrenched by tremendous change in the last two decades. By holding out the hope for social change, the region was more than...
Families: Violence and Survival
1995 Septiembre Centroamérica
Families make up "economic units": when they form, have children and work to support themselves, family members enter into a relation of reproduction,...
New, Wider Households in Women's Hands
1995 Agosto Centroamérica
Despite all the changes Central American families have lived through in recent years, the region is slow to change the fertility patterns among the poorest...
Central America's Family and Women: What Does Reality Say?
1995 Julio Centroamérica
Increases in poverty, along with both social and political instability, define the current Central America scene. Seventy five percent of Nicaraguan,...
Central America's Challenge: Produce And Participate
1995 Febrero Centroamérica
Asymmetric globalization, the new world economic system that is capping the long exploitation of the South, imprinted itself on many facets of Central...
Seven Sins Against Women and Development
1994 Mayo Centroamérica
According to the United Nations, 75% of the world's population survives on only 15% of the world's wealth. In the 41 poorest countries of the world,...
Central America's Alternative: Integration from Below
1994 Febrero Centroamérica
The whole world speaks of "globalization" to characterize the process that has been underway in this final decade of the 20th century and in the wake...
The Hour of Civil Society
1993 Agosto Centroamérica
The 12 days between former President Serrano's self directed coup and the election of President Ramiro de León Carpio will go down in Guatemalan history...
Neoliberalism in Central America: More Than an Economic Plan
1992 Abril Centroamérica
World Bank-imposed structural adjustment programs have now become so prevalent in Latin America that the Economic Commission on Latin America (ECLA)...
Central America’s Left, Right and “Center”
1992 Marzo Centroamérica
The dizzying changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union have politically ushered in the 21st century a decade early. Some...
The World Court Decision: An Historic Case
1991 Octubre Centroamérica
Augusto Zamora, who served on Nicaragua's legal team in its case against the United States in the World Court until 1990, reviews the key stages of...
Solidarismo: Anti-Unionism in Sheep's Clothing
1991 Junio Centroamérica
"Solidarismo seeks to co-opt, neutralize and dominate the working class, but in a persuasive and consensual manner, not through open coercion. And...
Introduction and Dedication
1991 Abril Centroamérica
As in past years, this special issue of envío is a collective product of the Jesuit Center for Research and Social Action in Central America and...
The Neoliberal Model in Central America: Gospel of the New Right
1991 Abril Centroamérica
The word "development" has disappeared from Latin America's economic vocabulary, replaced with terms like "structural adjustment," economic "reactivation"...
The Popular Alternative: The Agenda and Challenge for the 90s
1991 Abril Centroamérica
In our countries, the fundamental economic subject for a popular alternative is an organized combination of peasants, artisans and small service sectors...
Honduras: A Grassroots Party Emerging from Grassroots Organization
1991 Abril Centroamérica
Honduras always stands out as the most backward country of Central America, perhaps with the exception of Panama. The new neoliberal economic plan has...
Guatemala: The Civilian Facade Collapses
1991 Abril Centroamérica
Guatemala witnessed three dynamic processes and one non-starter during 1990. The first dynamic process was the fight between the government and the...
Central America’s Grassroots Movement: A Partial Alternative
1991 Abril Centroamérica
While there have been encouraging advances in demilitarization and political negotiations between the new governments and revolutionary vanguards in...
Nicaragua: Political Maturity and Economic Immaturity
1991 Abril Centroamérica
Nicaragua is the only Central American country in which demilitarization and the democratization of society have advanced very far. In 1990, both grassroots...
Demilitarization: The Other Face of Democratization
1991 Abril Centroamérica
Perhaps the most hopeful and promising long-term factor in Central America is the rapid development of the regional aspiration to democracy, in the concrete...
The United States: Redefining Central America and the World
1991 Abril Centroamérica
The United States in 1991 is facing what Secretary of State James Baker has called the "defining moment." What is up for definition is whether the Bush...
Panama: Eternally Condemned
1991 Abril Centroamérica
"Condemned to live under the Pentagon's umbrella," was General Omar Torrijos' comment as he signed the Canal Treaties at the OAS in Washington in 1977....
The Nation-State Crisis: Ungovernability
1991 Abril Centroamérica
The neoliberal model's main weakness in this region is that it is only a patch sewn over the causes of the crisis. Our central thesis in this analysis...
El Salvador: UN Mediation and Civil Negotiations
1991 Abril Centroamérica
Though El Salvador in 1990 offered an example of realistic and reasonable negotiation of an armed conflict, not everything in the negotiating process...
Whither Central America? Coopted Negotiation or Participatory Democracy?
1990 Mayo Centroamérica
Central America is in suspended animation after the avalanche of events in recent months. They rolled down on us one after the other: in El Salvador,...
Final Reflections
1990 Mayo Centroamérica
Within the next few months the direction El Salvador and Nicaragua take out of their current crossroads will be known; it will define their dynamic for...
Conclusion Negotiations: A Revolutionary Tool
1989 Mayo Centroamérica
Why was 1988 a year of movement towards a negotiated end to the Central American conflicts? There are five key factors: 1) The growing Central American...
Just the Facts – on Central America
1989 Mayo Centroamérica
##1989-8-94-05-03-1-en##
##1989-8-94-05-03-2-en##...
In the Negotiating Mode
1989 Mayo Centroamérica
As Soviet peace initiatives lead the way out of the cold war era, a series of regional conflicts are coming to a negotiated end. It is difficult to...
Joint Declaration of the Central American Presidents
1989 Marzo Centroamérica
The Presidents of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, meeting in the province of La Paz in the Republic of El Salvador on February...
Waging Peace
1989 Enero Centroamérica
The Central American peace plan has dropped out of the news these days, pushed to back pages by more startling developments in the Middle East, Angola,...
Dependence and the Military
1988 Marzo Centroamérica
To no one's surprise, the focal point of Honduras in 1987 again had a more geopolitical than national character; the position of the Honduran government...
Between Dignity and Submission
1988 Marzo Centroamérica
Three factors shaped Costa Rica's year in 1987: the Esquipulas peace process and the related awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to President Oscar Arias;...
Steps on the Road to Peace
1988 Marzo Centroamérica
The unequal confrontation between the Sandinista revolution and the Reagan Administration has had two distinct periods. From 1981 to 1984, the US government...
Military Solution in Crisis
1988 Marzo Centroamérica
Events in El Salvador in 1987 are divided into two phases by the Central American peace accords of Esquipulas II. The first was marked by the continued...
Conclusions: Whither Central America
1988 Marzo Centroamérica
Based on the previous country analyses, it is clear that Esquipulas II, while exerting an influence on all the Central American countries, has done so...
Modernization and Militarism
1988 Marzo Centroamérica
The centerpiece of the Guatemalan situation two years ago was the new civilian government's attempt to rebuild the state, in which the social forces...
Introduction
1988 Marzo Centroamérica
In 1987, an event of such importance took place in Central America that, for the first time since 1979, we can speak of a fundamental change in the regional...
Conclusions of the CIVS Report on Compliance
1988 Febrero Centroamérica
Documents (unofficial translations) (Conclusions)
1. The International Commission on Verification and Follow-up of the Guatemala Procedure has noted...
Joint Declaration By The Presidents Of Central America
1988 Febrero Centroamérica
The Presidents have received the conclusions of the report by the International Verification and Follow-up Commission, prepared according to Number 11...
Central American Peace Accord
1987 Agosto Centroamérica
As read by His Excellency the President of the Republic of Costa Rica, Dr. Oscar Arias Sánchez.
The Presidents of the Republics of Guatemala, El Salvador,...
Introductory Analysis: Central America's People Put to the Test
1987 Marzo Centroamérica
In our special January-February 1986 issue of envío we analyzed the 1979-1985 period in Central America. Four fundamental conclusions were drawn...
A Turn of the Kaleidoscope: Pieces in Motion
1987 Marzo Centroamérica
The Central American kaleidoscope was given a dizzying turn, particularly in the second half of the year, by a series of events that augured political...
The Military Factor
1986 Febrero Centroamérica
The military conflict has shown itself more and more to be a direct clash between the new historic subject and the United States. The push from armed...
The Economic Factor
1986 Febrero Centroamérica
Central America is going through an economic crisis of unprecedented dimensions. The real per-capita income has fallen to 1972 levels for Guatemala...
Conclusion
1986 Febrero Centroamérica
Tendencies:
1) US intransigence will increase and the war will be prolonged. The defeats dealt to the contras by the Sandinista Popular...
SPECIAL ISSUE ON CENTRAL AMERICA – Preface
1986 Febrero Centroamérica
In terms of social theory, we have called the crucial concept used in this work the “new Central American historic subject.” We interpret this new collective...
The Cultural-Ideological Factor
1986 Febrero Centroamérica
The Central American crisis comes at a moment in which there’s an effort to redefine the world from the perspective of US domination. The New Right...
The Political Factor
1986 Febrero Centroamérica
Central America today is characterized by the tension between the social forces that are willing to subordinate themselves to US policy, which defines...
The International Factor: Coexistence or prolonged conflict?
1986 Febrero Centroamérica
The Sandinistas’ “Patria Libre o Morir” is none other than the famous cry, “Give me liberty or give me death,” from Patrick Henry’s March 23, 1775, speech...
Another Facet of the War: Refugees and Displaced Persons in Central America
1984 Marzo Centroamérica
Where have they gone? How do they live? What is the significance of these waves of human beings surging across the borders of Central America that...
WHERE IS CENTRAL AMERICA HEADED? (THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND THE UNITED STATES) SECOND AND CONCLUDING PART:
1983 Febrero Centroamérica
In March of 1982, the initial policy of the Republican administration for the region was defeated. Evidence of this can be seen in the following: the...
Letter to the Pope for Peace in Central America
1981 Diciembre Centroamérica
Dear Holy Father,
We, the clergy and religious men and women of the Nicaraguan Church, encouraged by your universal petition for peace, wish to express...
National State of Emergency
1981 Octubre Centroamérica
Causes of the Action (taken from the official communiqué of 9/9/81)
1)Crisis in the Third World
“The countries of the Third World...